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Food allergies are a fact of life for many Canadians. Allergic reactions happen when the body's immune system reacts strongly to specific proteins in foods or other non-food triggers. The body mistakenly thinks that these proteins are foreign and harmful.
Fast Facts on Food Allergies
- The food or substance that causes an allergic reaction is called an allergen.
- There is no cure for allergies.
- It is best to completely avoid the food or substance that triggers the allergic reaction.
- Some allergies may be outgrown, although some will remain for life.
- Allergic reactions are slightly more common in children and those with a family history of allergies.
- Celiac disease is not a food allergy. It is an intolerance to gluten in wheat, barley, rye, triticale and foods containing these grains.
Food Intolerances
Food intolerances usually happen when the body cannot properly digest certain foods or nutrients. Symptoms of food intolerances can look like those of food allergies. But a food intolerance does not involve the body's immune system.
A common food intolerance is lactose intolerance. This happens when the body cannot properly digest lactose, a sugar in milk. People with lactose intolerance can often tolerate some dairy and dairy containing foods. People with intolerances like celiac disease need to completely avoid the foods that trigger the intolerance. A healthcare professional can help you determine if you have a food intolerance or a food allergy.
The nine most common food allergens in Canada are below. Each allergy links to a PDF factsheet published by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
People can be allergic to many other foods or substances that are not on this list. Non-food allergies include insect stings, medications, latex and environmental allergens.
Symptoms of Allergic Reactions
There are many symptoms of allergic reactions. They can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Someone who is having an allergic reaction may experience any of the following:
- Flushed face, hives or a rash, red and itchy skin
- Swelling of the eyes, face, lips, throat and tongue
- Trouble breathing, speaking or swallowing
- Anxiety, distress, faintness, paleness, sense of doom, weakness
- Cramps, diarrhea, vomiting
- A drop in blood pressure, rapid heart beat, loss of consciousness
Anaphylaxis is the most serious allergic reaction. Anaphylactic reactions require immediate medical attention and are:
- Sudden
- Severe
- Potentially life threatening
- Unpredictable
These reactions can cause multiple body organs to shut down. This can result in death.
Anaphylactic reactions require epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) injection(s). This hormone can help slow the allergic reaction.
In Canada, epinephrine is delivered by an EpiPen® or Twinject® device. If you have severe allergies you should always carry this device with you and know how to use it properly. People you spend time with should also know where you keep it and how to use it. You should also wear MedicAlert® identification.
Nine Ways to Protect Yourself
- Speak to your health care provider if you think you may have a food allergy. You may be referred to an allergy specialist and/or registered dietitian for further assessment.
- Avoid foods you know you are allergic to.
- Read ingredient labels on packaged foods. Even trace amounts of allergens can be harmful.
- Be careful with bulk foods and foods that do not have ingredients listed.
- Call food manufacturers if you are unsure about what's in a specific product.
- When eating in restaurants, tell your server you have an allergy. Together, choose something off the menu you know is safe.
- Wear MedicAlert® identification.
- If you have severe allergies, always carry your EpiPen® or Twinject® with you. Be sure you know how to use it properly.
- If you or someone you know is having a severe allergic reaction, go to the nearest Emergency Department or call 911.
Contact & More Information
For more information you can contact the health unit at 519.482.3416, or toll free at 1.877.837.6143.
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